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英語六級翻譯技巧有什么？

日期：2020-03-23 發(fā)布人：來源：閱讀量：

　　英語六級一直是考生難以突破的關(guān)口，下面尚語證件翻譯公司給大家分享英語六級翻譯技巧有什么?

　　CET-6 has always been a difficult barrier for examinees to break through. What are the translation skills of CET-6 to share with you?

　　一、詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯技巧

　　1、 Translation skills of parts of speech

　　在翻譯過程中，有些句子可以逐詞對譯，有些句子則由于英漢兩種語言的表達方式不同，就不能逐詞對譯，只能將詞類進行轉(zhuǎn)譯之后，方可使譯文顯得通順、自然;對詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯技巧的運用須從四個方面加以注意。

　　In the process of translation, some sentences can be translated word by word, and some sentences can't be translated word by word because of the different ways of expression between English and Chinese. Only after the translation of parts of speech can the translation appear smooth and natural; the application of translation skills of parts of speech should be paid attention to from four aspects.

　　1、轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞。

　　1. Translate into verbs.

　　英語中的某些名詞、介詞、副詞，翻譯時可轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語中的動詞。

　　Some nouns, prepositions and adverbs in English can be translated into verbs in Chinese.

　　2、轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞。

　　2. Translate into famous words.

　　英語中的某些動詞、形容詞，翻譯時可轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語中的名詞。

　　Some verbs and adjectives in English can be translated into Chinese nouns.

　　3、轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞。

　　3. Translate into adjectives.

　　英語中有些作表語或賓語的抽象名詞，以及某些形容詞派生的名詞，往往可轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語中的形容詞。另外，當(dāng)英語動詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語名詞時，原來修飾該動詞的副詞也往往隨之轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語中的形容詞。

　　In English, some abstract nouns, which are used as objects or tables, and some nouns derived from adjectives, can often be translated into adjectives in Chinese. In addition, when an English verb is translated into a Chinese noun, the adverb that originally modified the verb is often translated into an adjective in Chinese.

　　4、轉(zhuǎn)譯成副詞。

　　4. Translate into adverbs.

　　英語中的某些名詞、形容詞，翻譯時可轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語中的副詞。

　　Some nouns and adjectives in English can be translated into adverbs in Chinese.

　　二、詞義的選擇和引申技巧

　　2、 The choice and extension of word meaning

　　英漢兩種語言都有一詞多類和一詞多義的現(xiàn)象。一詞多類就是指一個詞往往屬于幾個詞類，具有幾個不同的意義;一詞多義就是同一個詞在同一詞類中又往往有幾個不同的詞義。在英譯漢的過程中，我們在弄清原句結(jié)構(gòu)后，就要善于運用選擇和確定原句中關(guān)鍵詞詞義的技巧，以使所譯語句自然流暢，完全符合漢語習(xí)慣的說法;選擇確定詞義通常可以從兩方面著手：

　　In both English and Chinese, there is a phenomenon that one word has more categories and one word has more meanings. Multi category of a word means that a word often belongs to several parts of speech and has several different meanings; multi category of a word means that the same word often has several different meanings in the same part of speech. In the process of English-Chinese translation, we should be good at using the skills of selecting and determining the meaning of key words in the original sentence after clarifying the structure of the original sentence, so as to make the translated sentence natural and fluent, which is completely in line with the Chinese custom. We can usually choose and determine the meaning of the original sentence from two aspects:

　　1、根據(jù)詞在句中的詞類來選擇和確定詞義

　　1. Choose and determine the meaning of words according to their parts of speech in sentences

　　2、根據(jù)上下文聯(lián)系以及詞在句中的搭配關(guān)系來選擇和確定詞義。

　　2. According to the context and the collocation of words in sentences, we can choose and determine the meaning of words.

　　詞義引申是我們英譯漢時常用的技巧之一。翻譯時，有時會遇到某些詞在英語辭典上找不到適當(dāng)?shù)脑~義，如果任意硬套或逐詞死譯，就會使譯文生硬晦澀，不能確切表達原意，甚至?xí)斐烧`解。這時就應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文和邏輯關(guān)系，從該詞的根本含義出發(fā)，進一步加以引申，可以從三個方面來加以考慮。

　　Word meaning extension is one of the common skills in our English-Chinese translation. In translation, we sometimes encounter some words that can't find proper meaning in English dictionaries. If we translate them arbitrarily or word by word, it will make the translation hard and obscure, unable to express the original meaning exactly, or even cause misunderstanding. At this time, it should be further extended from the basic meaning of the word according to the context and logical relationship, which can be considered from three aspects.

　　詞義轉(zhuǎn)譯。當(dāng)我們遇到一些無法直譯或不宜直譯的詞或詞組時，應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文和邏輯關(guān)系，引申轉(zhuǎn)譯。

　　Translation of word meaning. When we encounter some words or phrases that cannot be or are not suitable for literal translation, we should extend and translate them according to the context and logical relationship.

　　詞義具體化。根據(jù)漢語的表達習(xí)慣，把原文中某些詞義較籠統(tǒng)的詞引申為詞義較具體的詞。

　　Concrete meaning of words. According to the expression habit of Chinese, some words with more general meaning in the original text are extended to words with more specific meaning.

　　詞義抽象化。根據(jù)漢語的表達習(xí)慣，把原文中某些詞義較具體的詞引申為詞義較抽象的詞，或把詞義較形象的詞引申為詞義較一般的詞。

　　Abstract meaning of words. According to Chinese expression habits, some words with more specific meaning in the original text are extended to words with more abstract meaning, or words with more image meaning are extended to words with more general meaning.

　　三、漢譯的增詞技巧

　　3、 The technique of adding words in Chinese Translation

　　英譯漢時，有時需要意義上、修辭上或句法上的需要加一些詞，使譯文更加忠實通順地表達原文的思想內(nèi)容;但是，增加的并不是無中生有，而是要增加原文中雖無其詞卻有其意的一些詞，這是英譯漢中常用的的技巧之一。增詞技巧一般分作兩種情況。

　　When translating from English to Chinese, sometimes we need to add some words in the sense, rhetoric or syntax to make the translation more faithful and smooth to express the ideological content of the original text; however, what we add is not something out of nothing, but some words with meaning in the original text, which is one of the commonly used skills in English to Chinese translation. The skills of adding words are generally divided into two situations.

　　1、根據(jù)意義上或修辭上的需要，可增加下列七類詞。

　　1. According to the needs of meaning or rhetoric, the following seven categories of words can be added.

　　2、根據(jù)句法上的需要增補一此詞匯。

　　2. Add a word according to the syntactic needs.

　　四、正反、反正漢譯技巧

　　4、 Translation skills of positive and negative

　　正反、反正漢譯技巧是指翻譯時突破原文的形式，采用變換語氣的辦法處理詞句，把肯定的譯成否定的，把否定的譯成肯定的。運用這種技巧可以使譯文更加合乎漢語規(guī)范或修辭要求，且不失原意。這種技巧可分五個方面加以陳述。

　　The translation skills of positive and negative, anyway, refer to breaking through the form of the original text, using the method of changing mood to deal with words and sentences, translating the positive into the negative, and translating the negative into the positive. By using this technique, the translation can be more in line with Chinese norms or rhetorical requirements without losing its original meaning. This technique can be stated in five aspects.

　　1、肯定譯否定

　　1. Affirmative translation negative

　　2、否定譯肯定

　　2. Negative translation affirmation

　　3、雙否定譯肯定

　　3. Double negative translation affirmation

　　但是，如果翻譯時保留英語原來的“否定之否定”的形式并不影響中文的流暢時，則應(yīng)保留的目的還可突出原文中婉轉(zhuǎn)的語氣。

　　However, if the original form of "negation of negation" in English does not affect the fluency of Chinese in translation, the purpose of reservation can also highlight the subtle tone in the original text.

　　4、正反移位

　　4. Positive and negative displacement

　　5、譯為部分否定

　　5. Translation into partial negation

　　五、漢譯的重復(fù)技巧

　　5、 Repetition techniques in Chinese Translation

　　重復(fù)技巧是英譯漢中的一種必不可少的翻譯技巧。由于英譯漢時往往需要重復(fù)原文中的某些詞才能使譯文表達明確具體;又由于英漢語言結(jié)構(gòu)不同，重復(fù)的手段和作用也往往不盡相同，大致可分為三種。

　　Repetition is an essential skill in English-Chinese translation. In English-Chinese translation, it is often necessary to repeat some words in the original text to make the translation express clearly and concretely; in addition, due to different language structures, the means and functions of repetition are often different, which can be roughly divided into three types.

　　1、為了明確

　　1. For clarity

　　2、為了強調(diào)

　　2. To emphasize

　　3、為了生動

　　3. To be vivid

　　六、倒譯技巧

　　6、 Reverse translation skills

　　英漢詞句組成和排列的順序千差萬別，因此英譯漢時作些調(diào)整，顛倒一下順序，則是一種極為常見的翻譯技巧，這種翻譯技巧共分五種類型。

　　The order of composition and arrangement of words and sentences in English and Chinese is very different, so it is a very common translation skill to make some adjustments and reverse the order in English-Chinese translation, which can be divided into five types.

　　1、復(fù)合句倒譯技巧。復(fù)合句倒譯可分為部分倒譯和完全倒譯兩種技巧。

　　1. Back translation skills of compound sentences. The back translation of compound sentences can be divided into two skills: partial back translation and complete back translation.

　　2、被動句倒譯的技巧。被動句倒譯時，有時可將被動句倒譯成主動句，有時可將狀語倒譯成主語。

　　2. Reverse translation skills of passive sentences. In the reverse translation of passive sentences, sometimes passive sentences can be translated into active sentences, sometimes adverbials can be translated into subjects.

　　3、以否定型副詞或條件副詞開頭的句子的部分倒譯技巧。

　　3. Some back translation skills of sentences beginning with negative adverbs or conditional adverbs.

　　4、帶有介詞短語句子的部分倒譯技巧

　　4. Some back translation skills of sentences with prepositional phrases

　　5、習(xí)語的倒譯技巧。

　　5. Reverse translation skills of idioms.

　　習(xí)語的倒譯可分為按照漢語的固定順序倒譯和從輕重上加以區(qū)分進行倒譯以及逆時間順序進行倒譯三種技巧。

　　The reverse translation of idioms can be divided into three skills: reverse translation according to the fixed order of Chinese, reverse translation according to the weight and reverse translation according to the reverse time order.

　　七、分句、合句漢譯技巧

　　7、 Chinese translation skills of clauses and clauses

　　英譯漢時，由于兩種語言的句子結(jié)構(gòu)大不相同而往往需要改變一下句子結(jié)構(gòu)以適應(yīng)于漢語的表達習(xí)慣。采用分句、合句進行翻譯的作法正是為了達到這種目的而運用的一種重要技巧。所謂分句，就是指把原文的一個簡單句譯成兩個或兩個以上的句子;所謂合名，就是指把原文的兩個或兩個以上的簡單句或一個復(fù)合句譯成一個單句。運用這種分句、合句的漢譯技巧可以使譯文層次分明，更合乎于漢語的表達習(xí)慣。分句流譯的技巧共分五種類型，合句漢譯的技巧共分三種類型。先談?wù)劮志錆h譯技巧的五種類型。

　　When translating English into Chinese, because the sentence structures of the two languages are quite different, it is often necessary to change the sentence structures to adapt to the expression habits of Chinese. In order to achieve this goal, it is an important skill to use the method of clause and clause translation. The so-called clause refers to translating a simple sentence of the original into two or more sentences; the so-called compound name refers to translating two or more simple sentences or a compound sentence of the original into a single sentence. By using this kind of Chinese translation technique, we can make the translation level clear and conform to the expression habit of Chinese. There are five types of skills in sub sentence flow translation and three types of skills in CO sentence Chinese translation. First of all, I will talk about five types of Chinese translation skills of clauses.

　　1、主語分句漢譯技巧。

　　1. Chinese translation skills of subject clause.

　　2、謂語分句漢譯技巧。

　　2. Translation skills of predicate clauses.

　　3、定語分句漢譯技巧

　　3. Chinese translation skills of attributive clause

　　4、狀語分句漢譯技巧

　　4. Chinese translation skills of adverbial clauses

　　5、同位語分句漢譯技巧。

　　5. Chinese translation skills of appositive clauses.

　　八、句子成份的轉(zhuǎn)譯技巧

　　8、 Translation skills of sentence components

　　英漢兩種語言，由于表達方式不盡相同，在具體英譯漢時，有時往往需要轉(zhuǎn)換一下句子成分，才能使譯達到邏輯正確、通順流暢、重點突出等目的。句子成分轉(zhuǎn)譯作為翻譯的一種技巧，其內(nèi)容和形式都比較豐富，運用范圍也相當(dāng)廣泛，共包括五個方面的內(nèi)容。

　　Due to the different ways of expression between English and Chinese, sometimes it is necessary to change the sentence components in order to achieve the goal of logical correctness, fluency and emphasis. As a skill of translation, sentence component translation is rich in content and form, and widely used, including five aspects.

　　1、主語轉(zhuǎn)譯技巧，可以將句子的主語轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語中的定語、賓語、狀語等。

　　1. Subject translation skills can translate the subject of a sentence into attribute, object, adverbial and so on.

　　2、謂語轉(zhuǎn)譯技巧。可以將謂語轉(zhuǎn)譯成定語。

　　2. Translation skills of predicate. You can translate predicates into attributes.

　　3、賓語轉(zhuǎn)譯技巧?？梢詫①e語轉(zhuǎn)譯成主語。

　　3. Translation skills of object. You can translate an object into a subject.

　　4、定語轉(zhuǎn)譯技巧。定語可以轉(zhuǎn)譯成謂語和狀語。

　　4. Attribute translation skills. Attribute can be translated into predicate and adverbial.

　　5、狀語轉(zhuǎn)譯技巧。

　　5. Translation skills of adverbial.

　　狀語轉(zhuǎn)譯一般指的是狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)譯。它可分作把時間狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)譯成條件狀語從句，把地點狀語從轉(zhuǎn)譯成條件狀語從句和把原因狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)譯成困果偏正復(fù)句中的主語等三種形式。

　　Adverbial translation generally refers to the translation of adverbial clauses. It can be divided into three forms: translating time adverbial clause into conditional adverbial clause, translating place adverbial clause into conditional adverbial clause and translating cause adverbial clause into subject in complex sentence.

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