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翻譯質(zhì)量受什么因素的影響？

日期：2019-07-17 發(fā)布人：來源：閱讀量：

　　對(duì)于用戶和翻譯公司來說，翻譯的質(zhì)量好壞非常重要，不同譯員的的翻譯結(jié)果都不是完全相同的，下面證件翻譯公司給大家說說翻譯質(zhì)量受什么因素的影響?

　　For users and translation companies, the quality of translation is very important. The translation results of different translators are not identical. What factors affect the quality of translation?

　　1、語義理解障礙

　　1. Obstacles to Semantic Understanding

　　閱讀和分析原文階段，原文的語義含糊性和句法復(fù)雜性是影響等值程度最主要的因素。由于原文有意無意的語義含糊，譯者很難確定原文的真實(shí)語義，不同的人也有不同的理解，也就產(chǎn)生不同的譯文。

　　In the stage of reading and analyzing the original text, the semantic ambiguity and syntactic complexity of the original text are the most important factors affecting the degree of equivalence. Because of the intentional or unconscious semantic ambiguity of the original text, it is difficult for the translator to determine the true meaning of the original text. Different people have different understandings, so different translations are produced.

　　要克服語義含糊，準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)原文語義就要求譯者對(duì)原語有較高的把握能力，盡可能綜合考慮與原文語義相關(guān)的所有因素，挖掘出原文真實(shí)內(nèi)涵。即便如此也難實(shí)現(xiàn)絕對(duì)的“等值”。

　　To overcome semantic ambiguity and convey the original semantics accurately, translators are required to have a high grasp of the source language, take all the factors related to the original semantics into consideration as far as possible, and excavate the true connotation of the original text. Even so, it is difficult to achieve absolute "equivalence".

　　原文句法過于復(fù)雜也是譯者遇到的比較棘手的問題，翻譯前譯者不得不將復(fù)雜的句法重新梳理一遍，即先進(jìn)行語內(nèi)翻譯，然后再轉(zhuǎn)換成譯語，這也在一定程度上影響了等值程度。

　　The complexity of the original sentence is also a thorny problem for the translator. Before translation, the translator has to reorganize the complex syntax, that is, to translate it into the target language first and then into the target language, which also affects the equivalence to a certain extent.

　　2、表達(dá)方式相異

　　2. Different expressions

　　分析完原文后，在原文轉(zhuǎn)換成譯文階段，譯者同樣遇到很多影響等值的因素，大都與表達(dá)方式、文體風(fēng)格有關(guān)。原文里同一個(gè)句法單位，譯文通常都有幾種等值程度不一的表達(dá)方式與之對(duì)應(yīng)(固定用法除外)，表達(dá)方式的取舍在一定程度上決定了譯文等值程度的高低。

　　After analyzing the source text, translators also encounter many factors affecting equivalence, mostly related to the way of expression and style. In the same syntactic unit of the original text, the translation usually has several expressions with different equivalence (except for fixed usage). To some extent, the choice of expression determines the degree of equivalence of the translation.

　　我們的取舍原則是選擇最自然的對(duì)等物，即采用最符合譯語表達(dá)習(xí)慣及慣用語搭配的表達(dá)方式。

　　Our principle of choice is to choose the most natural equivalents, that is, to adopt the expressions that are most in line with the conventions and collocations of idioms in the target language.

　　3、語法結(jié)構(gòu)不同

　　3. Different Grammatical Structures

　　不同語言有不同的語法范疇、語法規(guī)則和語法結(jié)構(gòu)，這些不同導(dǎo)致它們傳達(dá)信息的方式也不同。譯文語言若缺失原文語言的某種語法范疇或結(jié)構(gòu)，則在譯文中很難找到一個(gè)與原文直接對(duì)應(yīng)的對(duì)等物，譯者也不得不對(duì)原文的信息或增或刪、做出某些取舍。在這些影響翻譯的語法范疇中，尤其強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)、性、時(shí)態(tài)和語體、語態(tài)、人稱。

　　Different languages have different grammatical categories, rules and structures, which lead to different ways of conveying information. If the target language lacks some grammatical category or structure of the source language, it is difficult to find a direct equivalent in the target text, and the translator has to add or delete the information of the source text and make some trade-offs. Among these grammatical categories that affect translation, emphasis is placed on number, sex, tense, style, voice and person.

　　因此，不同語言之間的語法差異也是影響等值程度的一個(gè)重要因素。語法差異越大，達(dá)到等值的難度也就越大。

　　Therefore, the grammatical differences between different languages are also an important factor affecting the degree of equivalence. The greater the difference in grammar, the more difficult it is to achieve equivalence.

　　4、文章體裁

　　4. Style of Articles

　　文章體裁是影響翻譯等值程度一個(gè)很重要的因素。不同體裁具有不同的功能，是表情功能、信息功能抑或呼語功能，這在翻譯中都不能忽視。奈達(dá)在論述“動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)等”時(shí)提出的四條原則之一便是譯文與原文的文學(xué)體裁所起的作用一致。

　　Genre is a very important factor affecting translation equivalence. Different genres have different functions, such as expressive function, informative function or vocative function, which can not be ignored in translation. One of the four principles Nida put forward when discussing "dynamic equivalence" is that the literary genre of the original text plays the same role.

　　5、文化背景

　　5. Cultural Background

　　不同民族擁有不同的歷史背景、思維模式、社會(huì)習(xí)俗，于是形成自己獨(dú)特的文化背景，這些文化差異都會(huì)承載于各自不同的語言當(dāng)中。正確理解原文的文化內(nèi)涵，分析原語和譯語的文化差異是做到等值翻譯的一個(gè)前提條件。一般來說，兩種語言文化之間差異越大，這兩種語言之間的等值轉(zhuǎn)換就越難，等值程度也越會(huì)受到影響。

　　Different nationalities have different historical backgrounds, modes of thinking and social customs, thus forming their own unique cultural background, these cultural differences will be carried in their different languages. Correct understanding of the cultural connotations of the source text and analysis of cultural differences between the source language and the target language are prerequisites for equivalence translation. Generally speaking, the greater the difference between the two languages and cultures, the more difficult the equivalence conversion between the two languages will be, and the more the degree of equivalence will be affected.

　　我們?cè)诜g中只有充分考慮到這種文化差異性，盡量將原語的文化信息、文化內(nèi)涵用符合譯語文化習(xí)慣的表達(dá)方式表現(xiàn)出來，這樣才能達(dá)到較高程度的等值。

　　Only when we fully consider this cultural difference in translation and try to express the cultural information and connotation of the source language in a way consistent with the cultural habits of the target language, can we achieve a higher degree of equivalence.

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